PAPERS and other reading
These are subject to change (reading beyond the current week is updated
throughout the term).
If it is underlined then you have read it.
Introduction: Cascadia papers. Handed out Jan 11
2007, Discuss Jan 18 2007.
Atwater, B., Science, 236, 942-944, 1987
Satake et al., Nature, 379, 246-249, 1996
Dragert et al., Science, 292, 1525-1528,
2001
Phenomenology: Earthquake size and distribution.
Hand out Jan 18, Discuss Jan 23 and 25
NAS 2003, pp. 19-36; 47-54
Wiemer, S. and M. Wyss, Mapping spatial variability of the frequency-magnitude
distribution of earthquakes, Adv. Geop. 2002. PDF
R. S. Stein and T. C. Hanks, M > 6 Earthquakes in Southern
California during the Twentieth Century: No Evidence for a Seismicity or
Moment Deficit, Bull. Seismol. Soc. Amer., 88, pp. 635-652, 1998. HTML
The earthquake cycle (introduction, Savage and
Burford model, elastic rebound, tectonic geodesy). January 30.
NAS 2003, pp. 201-218; 176 to top of 189.
InSAR observations of deformation around faults (class led by Yaron
Finzi): Discuss February 1.
USGS Fact Sheet 2005-3025
(link)
Mayer, L. and Z. Lu, Elastic rebound following the Kocaeli earthquake,
Turkey, recorded using synthetic aperture radar, Geology, 29, 495-498,
2001. PDF
For your reference (not required): Massonet, D., Satellite Radar Interferometry,
Scientific American, February 1997. PDF
Introduction to fault mechanics (Anderson faulting
theory, crustal stresses and stresses on faults, fault strength controversy).
February 6.
Kanamori, H. and E. Brodsky, The physics of earthquakes, Rep.
Prog. Physics, 67, 1429-1496, 2004. (sections 2.1 and 2.2) PDF
Introduce fault friction (rate- and state-dependent friction, stable
and unstable slip, instability criteria, nucleation) February 8
James Rice's talk Mon Feb 12
Discussed in class Feb 8, 13, 15:
Scholz, C., Earthquakes
and Friction Laws, Nature, 391, 37-42, 1998.
Brace, W. F. and J. D. Byerlee, Stick-slip as a mechanism
for earthquakes, Science, 153, 990-992, 1966.
Liu and Rice, Aseismic slip transients emerge spontaneously in three-dimensional
rate and state modeling of subduction earthquake sequences, JGR, 110, B08307,
doi:10.1029/2004JB003424, 2005.
Dieterich, J., Modeling of rock friction 1. experimental results
and constitutive equations, J. Geophys. Res., 84, 2161-2168, 1979.
Feb 15, last part of class: Gail Atkinson lecture on earthquake engineering
and seismic hazard.
Midterm Break
Feb 27 -Stress Transfer and triggering; nucleation.
Stein, R., The role of stress transfer in earthquake occurrence,
Nature, 402, 605-609, 1999.
Dieterich, J. and B. Kilgore, Implications of fault constitutive
properties for earthquake prediction, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, Vol. 93,
pp. 3787-3794, April 1996.
Colloquium Paper1996
lecture was also based on
King, G. C. P., Stein, R., and Lin, J., Static stress changes
and the triggering of earthquakes, Bull. Seism. Soc. Am., 84, 935-953,
1994.
though this was not read.
March 1 - presentations of class project proposals.
March 8 - Moment tensor, moment rate, kinematic source models, forward modeling
displacements and shaking, slip inversions.
Kanamori, H. and E. Brodsky, The physics of earthquakes, Rep. Prog.
Physics, 67, 1429-1496, 2004 (sections 3.1 and 3.2). PDF link
above.
Slip inversion material from various recent papers. Moment tensor
solutions from recent large quakes.
Lecture material (but not read): Aki, K. Scaling law of seismic spectrum,
J. Geophys. Res., 72, 1217-1231, 1967.
March 13 and March 15. Moment tensor, moment rate, kinematic
source models, forward modeling displacements and shaking, slip inversions.
Part II.
Continue from Mar 8 discussion. Use my handout from 2004 class, explain
more formally. Hand out
Brune, J. Tectonic stress and the spectra of seismic
waves from earthquakes, J. Geophys. Res., 75, 4997-5009, 1970.
March 20: Finish source kinematics. Discuss dynamic source model: Brune
(I): near-field displacement, velocity, acceleration for a simple dynamic
fault model.
Hand out:
Heaton, T. Evidence for
and implications of self-healing pulses of slip in earthquake rupture,
Phys. Earth Planet Interiors, 64, 1-20, 1990.
March 22 Discuss Brune (II): far-field
spectra and inferring moment, slip, rupture size.
March 27 Discuss rupture propagation and the Heaton paper.
I may also describe findings from:
DiToro et al., Friction falls toward zero in quartz rock as slip velocity
approaches seismic rates, Nature, 427, 436-439, 2004.
Olsen, K., R. Madariaga,
R. Archuleta, Three-dimensional dynamic simulation of the 1992 Landers
earthquake, Science, 278, 834-838, 1997.
OR Olsen, K., R. Archuleta, and J. Matarese, Three-dimensional simulation
of a magnitude 7.75 earthquake on the San Andreas Fault, Science,
270, 1628-1632, 1995.
March 29 The rest of the earthquake cycle
(i.e. viscoelasticity and more realistic models of fault zones at depth).
Nur, A. and G. Mavko, Postseismic viscoelastic
rebound, Science, 183, 204-206, 1974.
Savage, J. and
W. H. Prescott, Asthenospheric readjustment and the earthquake cycle,
J. Geophys. Res., 83, 3369-3376, 1978.
I may bring up:
Hetland, E. and B. Hager, Postseismic and interseismic displacements
near a strike-slip fault: A two-dimensional theory for general linear viscoelastic
rheologies, J. Geophys. Res., 110, 2005.
Tse, S. and J. Rice, Crustal Earthquake Instability in Relation to the
Depth Variation of Frictional Slip Properties, J. Geophys. Res., 91, 9452-9472,
1986.
April 3 Guest lecture by Charles Sammis, USC, "The Generation
of Off-Fault Damage in the Stress Field of a Dynamic Rupture and its Role
in the Mechanics of the Earthquake Source"
Sammis, C. and G. C. P. King, Mechanical Origin of Power-Law Scaling
in Fault Zone Rock, Geophys. Res. Lett., in press, 2007.
Rice, J. et al., Off-fault secondary failure induced by a dynamic slip pulse,
Bull. Seis. Soc. Am., 95, 109-134, 2005.
April 5 Top-down conceptual
model of a major fault zone and how it accommodates relative plate motion.
Based on geological, seismic, and geodetic studies.
Hearn, E. et al., MS 2006.
Reilinger et al., Coseismic and Postseismic Fault Slip
for the 17 August 1999, M = 7.5, Izmit, Turkey Earthquake, Science, 289,1519-1524,
2000.
April 10 and 12: Term project presentations and discussion.